From the mid-1980s, however, the consensus of both local and scholarly opinion has shifted to stress their local origins, the fact that Swahili is an African language, and the ways coastal religious beliefs and cultural patterns came to embrace both local practices and foreign influences, as Swahili came to be seen as an African people who, on moving to the coast and engaging in overseas trade, … Encyclopedia.com. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"c2c7f4362a6ea79b3def8ba4f84c0b8fe7ff26c8-1616202634-86400"}; ETHNONYMS: Lunda, Southern Lunda Our ethos is to get things done. The afflicted person must become initiated into the mediumship cult as the spirit's human medium. Berger notes in particular the important role played in the cults by women. In either case, recourse must be had to the possession cults. And, in addition to providing a ritual means of influencing powers over which there are no other means of control, the mediumship cults are also a source of dramatic entertainment in their own right. Swahili is a word the Arabs used to describe "the coast" and only later did it come to apply to East African coastal culture specifically. English To Swahili Translation Online Tool And Swahili to English Translation App Are Available On Play Store. Messages 476 Reaction score 704 Points 1,000 Find. And it may, if it is the ghost of a close kinsman, ask for the reconciliation of quarreling family members. But among the most important of them is the cults' eclecticism. The economies of the Great Lakes region states have different structures and are at various stages of development. A monograph by a Norwegian anthropologist, Svein Bjerke, Religion and Misfortune: The Bacwezi Complex and the Other Spirit Cults of the Zinza of Northwestern Tanzania (Oslo, 1981), provides a detailed account, based on field research, of the cults among one of the less well known peoples of the region. The official Ganda cult centered on the ghosts of former kings, whose tombs, carefully maintained, provided the locus for state ritual. From an allusion in the previous chapter of his Journal , it appears that Speke's information about Kitara, its former greatness and extent, was not simply Nyoro indoctrination. Such a division of the city of Rome and of the territory about Rome, of which the number varied at different times; a district, quarter, or ward. The Lake Turkana area is home to hundreds of species of birds endemic to Kenya. Their territory includes some of the most densely populated regions of Africa, consisting of all of Uganda south of the Victoria Nile, the states of Rwanda and Burundi, and a substantial portion of northwest Tanzania. The Southern African regions are part of the Africa super-region. ." adjective /ɪntəlæˈkʌstɹaɪn,ɪntələˈkʌstɹɪn/ Situated or existing between lakes. Spirit Gets A Line On A Classic Song or more specifically, the nations or area bounded by the lakes.[4]. Shrines are not made for him, nor are sacrifices offered as they are to the other gods (though here Buganda seems to have been an exception). This led to state formation in Africa because much of Africa is water-less. The Western Rift Valley lakes are freshwater and home to an extraordinary number of endemic species. //. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest Because the traditional cults were generally seen as beneficent and as being especially concerned with childbearing, attempts by government officials and missionaries to eradicate them were readily interpreted by the traditionally minded as aimed, in the long term, at the elimination of the indigenous peoples themselves. Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Joined Jun 3, 2020. Inimical aspects of the environment, and in particular the disruptive effects of social change, are not denied or rejected; rather they are assimilated and dealt with through dramatic ritual. The East African rift system also serves as a flyway for migrating birds, bringing in hundreds more. It comprises Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. In 1984, the Turkana Boy, a nearly complete skeleton of a Homo erectus boy was discovered. Around Lake Turkana, the climate is hot and very dry. Lake Victoria is not actually within the Rift Valley. The adjective interlacustrine ("between lakes") can refer to the region, or more specifically, the nations or area bounded by the lakes. The term interlacustrine Bantu, as used here, encompasses a variety of peoples who live between the Great Lakes of east-central Africa and speak closely related Bantu languages. First, the initiate's change of status is stressed. Need to translate "inguinal region" to Swahili? Interlacustrine definition is - of, relating to, or situated in an area between lakes; specifically : of, relating to, or situated in the region of Africa that is bounded by … In some areas there is, in addition, a broader association between particular traditional spirits and particular clans, but generally this does not involve any special ritual over and above the "domestic" cults just mentioned. Here especially the purity and auspiciousness of the traditional cults are stressed; for only a gentle and well-mannered child is acceptable to the spirits as a household medium. The lakes are also important habitats for a number of amphibian species. In some myths the hierarchical class structure mentioned above is ascribed to him, which to a certain degree may have sanctioned its acceptance by the less privileged. In several kingdoms, most notably those of Bunyoro and Rwanda, members of the royal clan (including the king himself) were debarred from participation in the mediumship cults. Swahili may date back several thousand years, but it developed into the language we hear today with the arrival of Arab and Persian traders on the East African coast between 500 - 1000 AD. Retrieved March 19, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/interlacustrine-bantu-religions. Your help to add new Swahili to English translations to our Swahili dictionary is greatly appreciated. 1958, E. Winter, Tribes without Rulers, p. 158, The other Interlacustrine kingdoms of which the best known is Buganda. The Great Lakes region (rarely: Greater Lakes region) consists of countries that surround the African Great Lakes. About. However, the date of retrieval is often important. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. A short rainy season in October is followed by a longer one from April to May. But evidence from several parts of the area indicates that complete dissociation is seldom, if ever, achieved; generally, the medium is "putting on an act." East African Religions, article on Northeast Bantu Religions. In 1999, a 3,500,000-year-old skull was discovered there, named Kenyanthropus platyops, which means "The flat-faced man of Kenya". And third, the process of initiation puts the aspirant in a condition of ritual impurity, needing special ritual to remedy it. Forests are dominant in the lowlands of the Congo-Zaire Basin, while grasslands and savannas are most common in the southern and eastern highlands. But this does not mean that they are fraudulent; the play they are performing is a religious one, a "liturgical drama" in Luc de Heusch's phrase. This total constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water. But the indigenous cults are still widespread and are remarkably similar throughout the area. Fishing—primarily of tilapia species but also of Nile perch—provides the main livelihood. [2] Ghost cults are not necessarily ancestor cults. kanda. The spirit may begin by announcing its identity, and then greet and be greeted by all present. It may go on to explain what offended it and ask for food and drink—an offering that should be given to it there and then while it is "in the medium's head." Orientation An administrative subdivision of a city, a territory, a country or the European Union. Relevant to the study of religion in its political context is Elizabeth Hopkins's "The Nyabingi Cult of Southwestern Uganda," in Protest and Power in Black Africa, edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui (Oxford, 1970), a history of the rise and influence of an anticolonial spirit cult. To give concrete expression to the forces that shape human lives (even if this is done in symbolic form) provides the interlacustrine Bantu with one basis for coping with these forces. The large rift lakes of Africa are the ancient home of great biodiversity, and 10% of the world's fish species live in this region. Instead, they maintained priests at court—professional mediums who, like everyone else, were subject to the royal authority. . But the more important embandwa, and the ghosts of closely related kin or affines, cannot be dealt with so summarily. Around two to three million years ago, Lake Turkana was larger and the area more fertile, making it a center for early hominids. 9/29 States in the Interlacustrine Region What are some of the lessollS of the Luo migration for state formation among the 'Great States' of the Lake region? (1994). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. All these elements and a great many more have been readily incorporated into the mediumship cults. One member of the family, usually female and preferably initiated while still a child, links the domestic group with one of the traditional embandwa spirits as its medium: this spirit is supposed to have a special concern for the well-being of the family members. This cult focused on a powerful female embandwa called Nyabingi and her associates, whose cult has been ascribed to various sources but may have originated in northern Rwanda, whence it spread rapidly into southwest Uganda. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/interlacustrine-bantu-religions, "Interlacustrine Bantu Religions 19 Mar. Before it "leaves the head" of its medium, a spirit, if it is mollified, is likely to bless all present and to promise them good fortune, and especially more children, in the future. English To Swahili - Official Swahili Dictionary Specially, Swahili To English Dictionary & Dictionary English To Swahili Site Are Ready To Instant Result English To Swahili Translator & Swahili To English Translation Online FREE. [citation needed], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}8°00′S 35°00′E / 8.000°S 35.000°E / -8.000; 35.000, Drains into the Zambezi via the Shire River, "International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region", List of countries where Arabic is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Great_Lakes&oldid=1012485282#African_Great_Lakes_region, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 March 2021, at 16:49. Swahili, also known by its native name Kiswahili, is a Bantu language and the native language of the Swahili people. Threats of the fearful consequences of disclosure confirm the candidate's commitment to secrecy. Mention should also be made here of the revivalist and fundamentalist Balokole ("the Saved Ones") movement within the Anglican church. it includes Sofala (), Mombasa, Gede, Pate Island, Lamu, Malindi, and Kilwa. Origins of Swahili . Far more significant in everyday life are the powerful spirits known as embandwa or emandwa. He, or possibly she, using one of a wide variety of techniques, is likely to ascribe the client's trouble to an embandwa spirit, an offended ghost, or sorcery. The GDP real growth rate ranges from 5.1 percent in Burundi to 6.4 in DRC.
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